Eksplorasi keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kolaborasi siswa pada pembelajaran IPAS terintegrasi STEAM melalui model PjBL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59923/sendja.v4i3.932Keywords:
IPAS, STEAM, Project-Based Learning, Berpikir Kritis, KolaborasiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi pembelajaran IPAS terintegrasi STEAM melalui model PjBL berbasis asset-based thinking, guna merespons kesenjangan penerapan STEAM pada sekolah dasar dengan keterbatasan sumber daya, serta mendeskripsikan profil keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kolaborasi siswa. Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus ini dilaksanakan di SDN 5 Mataram Ilir pada Mei-Juni 2026, melibatkan seorang kepala sekolah, seorang guru IPAS, dan tiga siswa kelas IV usia sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, pemanfaatan aset lingkungan lokal dan media visual secara integratif terbukti menyediakan konteks nyata yang mendukung pelaksanaan proyek STEAM-PjBL, alih-alih bergantung pada fasilitas yang ideal. Kedua, praktik pembelajaran tersebut memfasilitasi munculnya perilaku berpikir kritis di mana siswa membangun penjelasan kausal berdasarkan pengamatan empiris serta kolaborasi aktif yang ditandai oleh interdependensi dan penyelesaian konflik kelompok. Ketiga, konsistensi implementasi masih dibatasi oleh hambatan konseptual, meliputi keterbatasan pemahaman teoretis guru mengenai kerangka utuh STEAM, kebingungan kognitif siswa dalam memadukan muatan IPA dan IPS, serta kesenjangan persepsi terkait evaluasi proyek. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan strategi pemetaan konsep (concept mapping) secara eksplisit dan transparansi kriteria penilaian, serta menyarankan studi komparatif lanjutan guna memperluas pemahaman adaptasi STEAM-PjBL di berbagai konteks demografi Pendidikan
References
Adhelacahya, K., Sukarmin, S., & Sarwanto, S. (2023). Impact of Problem-Based Learning Electronics Module Integrated with STEM on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(7), 4869–4878. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.3931
Al-Qoyyim, T. M., & Kurniawan, W. (2025). Project-Based Learning in Science Learning: A Literature Review. Contextual Natural Science Education Journal, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.29303/cnsej.v3i1.1053
Al-Shawabkeh, H., Al-Khouri, B., Hamdan, S., & Aulia Mawaddah, I. (2026). Project-Based Learning And 21st-Century Skills: Developing Critical Thinking And Collaboration In Primary Classrooms. International Journal of Educatio Elementaria and Psychologia, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijeep.v3i1.3383
Ananda, L. R., Rahmawati, Y., & Khairi, F. (2023). Critical thinking skills of Chemistry students by integrating design thinking with STEAM-PjBL. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(1), 352. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1938
Andayanie, L. M., Adhantoro, M. S., Purnomo, E., & Kurniaji, G. T. (2025). Implementation of Deep Learning in Education: Towards Mindful, Meaningful, and Joyful Learning Experiences. Journal of Deep Learning, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i1.11157
Anisa, R. D., & Fatmariza, F. (2026). Teachers’ adaptation to the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum: A case study. Indonesian Research Journal in Education |IRJE|, 10(1), 536–552. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v10i1.29255
Cherukunnath, D., & Singh, A. P. (2022). Exploring Cognitive Processes of Knowledge Acquisition to Upgrade Academic Practices. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.682628
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2024). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=nFr2EAAAQBAJ
Dörrenbächer-Ulrich, L., Dilhuit, S., & Perels, F. (2024). Investigating the relationship between self-regulated learning, metacognition, and executive functions by focusing on academic transition phases: a systematic review. Current Psychology, 43(18), 16045–16072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05551-8
Fadhil Nur Hidayat, Herwin, Sekar Purbarini Kawuryan, Dhiniaty Gularso, & Aminul Qodat. (2023). Relationship Analysis and the Enhancement of Student Social Intelligence in Problem-Based Social Science Learning. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(2), 380–397. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v8i2.3489
Farrow, J., Kavanagh, S. S., Samudra, P., & Pupik Dean, C. (2024). The promise of the project to student-centered learning: Connections between elements, curricular design, and practices of project based learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 152, 104776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104776
Filipe, J., Baptista, M., & Conceição, T. (2024). Integrated STEAM Education for Students’ Creativity Development. Education Sciences, 14(6), 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060676
Hanif, N., Fatimah, S., & Rohaeti, E. (2024). Implementing the Integrated GREEN Model for Social Natural Science Project (IPAS) to Enhance Understanding of Sustainable Biodiversity Concepts in Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 842–850. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i2.6090
Hayat, F., Khan, M., Ahmad, S., Kamran, M., & Maleeha. (2024). Exploring the Characteristics of Concrete Operational Stage among Primary School Students. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.786349315
Helzi, H., Minsih, M., Desstya, A., & Muhammad, M. (2024). Innovative Approaches to Science and Social Studies-Centered Learning with a Focus on Student Wellbeing in Elementary Education. Profesi Pendidikan Dasar, 64–79. https://doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v11i1.6173
Herianingtyas, N. L. R., Dewi, R., & Latip, A. E. (2026). A STEAM-Integrated Deep Learning Model with Design Thinking to Improve Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. Journal of Deep Learning, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v2i1.11914
Hidayat, F. N., & Munir, M. (2026). IPAS Teacher Strategies: Joyful Learning for Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Elementary Education, 6(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.28918/90r5ps03
Iglesias, M. B., & González, S. C. (2022). Socialization and media consumption in a Primary Education classroom (Asturias, Spain): A qualitative approach in process. Human Review. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 11. https://doi.org/10.37467/REVHUMAN.V11.4017
Imron, E. M., Asri Nugraheni, F. S., Utami, B., Nursalsabila, Z., Mahardiani, L., Bramastia, & Tanghal, A. B. (2025). Effectiveness of Ethno-STEM-Based Science Teaching with the Project-Based Learning Model on Students’ Scientific Literacy. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 11(2), 435–453. https://doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v11i2.78952
Ismiati, N. (2024). Implementing STEAM education in the independent curriculum: Enhancing 21st century skills. Tadibia Islamika, 4(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.28918/tadibia.v4i1.7238
Kalengkongan, J., & Umboh, D. (2026). Ecosystem-based IPAS modules: traces of innovation by pre-service elementary school teachers in 21st-century learning. Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 15(3), 711–728. https://doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v15i3.711-728
Lidiawati, Haryanto, E., & Habibi, A. (2025). Classroom Action Research in IPAS Learning: Enhancing Students’ Cognitive Abilities through a Differentiated Approach in Elementary Schools. Lembaran Ilmu Kependidikan, 54(1), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.15294/lik.v54i1.22158
Maharani, K. A., Barid, S. S. A. Q., Astuti, S. R. D., & Wahyuni, S. (2026). Integration of Digital Media in the Discovery Learning Model to Enhance Junior High School Students Conceptual Understanding in Science: A Review. Jurnal Pijar Mipa, 21(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v21i1.10924
Mangaroska, K., Sharma, K., Gašević, D., & Giannakos, M. (2022). Exploring students’ cognitive and affective states during problem solving through multimodal data: Lessons learned from a programming activity. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12590
Momo Rosbiono, K. (2025). Integrating Eco-Pedagogy and STEAM in Elementary Science: Mixed-Methods Evidence from Indonesian Schools. International Journal of Education and Emerging Practices, 1(2), 42–71. https://doi.org/10.63236/injeep.1.2.3
Muntamah, M., Roshayanti, F., & Hayat, M. S. (2023). Potensi Penerapan Pendekatan STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics) pada Pembelajaran Projek IPAS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial) di SMK. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Di Sekolah, 4(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.51874/jips.v4i1.79
Murray-Orr, A., & Mitton, J. (2023). Learning routines that reflect teachers’ asset-based pedagogies: Creating breathing spaces for students. Cogent Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2197664
Nevrelova, N., Korenova, L., Lavicza, Z., Bruzkova, N., & Schmid, A. (2024). Enhancing digital literacy in primary education through augmented reality. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1390491
Nur Hidayat, F., & Mentari Putri, G. (2026). Applying the STEAM Approach in IPAS Learning to Instill Discipline Character in Islamic Elementary School. Mauve Journal De Leardu, 3(2), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.37899/mjdl.v3i2.353
Oanh, D. T. K., & Dang, T. D. H. (2025). Effect of STEAM Project-Based Learning on Engineering Students’ 21st Century Skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 14(3), 705–721. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.14.3.705
Om-On, S., Sanrattana, W., & Phrasrivajiravati, P. (2026). Enhancing Teachers’ Learning to Develop Students’ 21st-Century Skills. International Education Studies, 19(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v19n2p126
Putri, M. A., & Nisa’, K. (2025). Enhancing Creative Thinking in High School Physics through Project-Based Learning Integrating Local Wisdom and STEAM for Quality Education. Journal of Current Studies in SDGs, 1(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.63230/jocsis.1.1.10
Retno, R. S., Purnomo, P., Hidayat, A., & Mashfufah, A. (2025). Conceptual framework design for STEM-integrated project-based learning (PjBL-STEM) for elementary schools. Asian Education and Development Studies, 14(3), 579–604. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2024-0188
Riyanti, H., Sopandi, W., Mulyadi, D., & Muslim. (2026). Innovating higher education pedagogy: integrating RADEC learning model and virtual laboratory to promote pre-service elementary teachers’ conceptual change. Frontiers in Education, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1801268
Romanovska, L., & Novak, M. (2024). The Role Of Teacher-Student Relationships In Providing Social And Psychological Support To Participants Of The Educational Process. Social Work and Education, 11(2), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.25128/2520-6230.24.2.11
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Social, Institutional, Cultural, and Economic Supports for Autonomy and Their Importance for Well-Being (pp. 45–64). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9667-8_3
Sager, M. T., Pierce, K., & Murillo, J. (2025). Enhancing Inquiry-Based Science Instruction: The Role of Professional Learning Communities and Instructional Coaching for Elementary Science Teachers. Journal of Education and Learning, 14(5), 26. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v14n5p26
Segarra-Morales, A. K., & Juca-Aulestia, M. (2024). Strategies and Skills in STEAM Education Systematic Review of the Literature BT - Information Technology and Systems (Á. Rocha, C. Ferrás, J. Hochstetter Diez, & M. Diéguez Rebolledo, Eds.; pp. 398–411). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Siregar, T. E., Santoso, A., & Indra Dewi, R. S. (2023). Analisis Penggunaan Bahan Ajar IPAS Berbasis STEAM Untuk Memfasilitasi Literasi Sains Pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Perseda : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 6(3), 258–267. https://doi.org/10.37150/perseda.v6i3.2410
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitaif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sukackė, V., Guerra, A. O. P. de C., Ellinger, D., Carlos, V., Petronienė, S., Gaižiūnienė, L., Blanch, S., Marbà-Tallada, A., & Brose, A. (2022). Towards Active Evidence-Based Learning in Engineering Education: A Systematic Literature Review of PBL, PjBL, and CBL. Sustainability, 14(21), 13955. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142113955
Sukmawati, E., Imanah, N. D. N., & Rantauni, D. A. (2023). Implementation and challenges of project-based learning of STEAM in the university during the pandemic: A systematic literature review. JINoP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.22219/jinop.v9i1.25177
Supianti, I. I., Yaniawati, P., Bonyah, E., Hasbiah, A. W., & Rozalini, N. (2025). STEAM approach in project-based learning to develop mathematical literacy and students’ character. Infinity Journal, 14(2), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i2.p283-302
Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J.-M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. Journal of Intelligence, 11(3), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054
Tisdell, E. J., Merriam, S. B., & Stuckey-Pyrot, H. L. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand.
Unawekla, B. E., Rumtutuly, F., & Septory, J. (2026). The Student Learning Outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS): Picture Media at Primary School. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review, 5(3), 1799–1811. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v5i3.4827
Wardani, I. S., & Fiorintina, E. (2023). Building Critical Thinking Skills of 21st Century Students through Problem Based Learning Model. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 12(3), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v12i3.58789
Wised, S., & Inthanon, W. (2024). The Evolution of STEAM-Based Programs: Fostering Critical Thinking, Collaboration, and Real-World Application. Journal of Education and Learning Reviews, 1(4 SE-Articles), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.60027/jelr.2024.780
Yulia Maftuhah Hidayati, Milan, S., & Sofyan, A. (2026). Development of SciSpark Learning Media in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) to Optimize Critical Thinking in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Pedagogi Dan Pembelajaran, 9(1), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.23887/jp2.v9i1.104472
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lukman Nasrudin, Fadhil Nur Hidayat, Elvandari Maulana, M Choirul Muzaini, Nugroho Noto Suseno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
